Primeiro ano de pandemia COVID-19: o que se sabe sobre seus constructos fisiopatológicos
Resumo
A COVID-19 é causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, que provocou uma situação emergente de saúde pública, dizimando milhões de pessoas e deixando outros problemas sociais. Esse estudo teve por objetivo apresentar os construtos fisiopatológicos no primeiro ano da pandemia. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, realizada a partir de pesquisas nas bases Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, Periódicos Capes, PubMed, Cochrane com os descritores padronizados ‘Pathophysiology’ combinados por meio do operador booleano AND. Selecionaram-se artigos publicados no primeiro ano da pandemia de qualquer idioma e que tratassem desse tema. Os resultados dessa revisão constataram que a COVID-19 possuí três fases fisiopatológicas: inoculação; pneumonia; e hiperinflamação sistêmica. Cada fase define as manifestações clínicas e a evolução da doença, bem como, os exames a serem realizados. Apesar de inúmeros estudos, ainda há lacunas como a evolução rápida da infecção e as definições dos processos fisiopatológico e as sequelas dessa morbidade.
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