INFLUÊNCIA DO FENÓTIPO GENGIVAL PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE DOENÇAS PERI-IMPLANTARES

Carolina Ferreira Fontana, Adriana Campos Queiroz, Liana Bonfim Misson Paulin, Ricardo Fabris Paulin

Resumo


Introdução: O fenótipo gengival corresponde ao volume gengival tridimensional, composto por espessura gengival e largura do tecido queratinizado. A mucosa queratinizada resiste a traumas mecânicos e previne a progressão da inflamação ao redor dos implantes dentários. A espessura gengival pode ser classificada em fina, plana espessa ou espessa e cada uma delas possui características próprias que devem ser consideradas a fim de reduzir o risco de recessão da mucosa e reabsorção óssea após a colocação imediata do implante. Uma quantidade adequada de tecido mole peri-implantar que se fixa firmemente ao osso subjacente tem sido sugerida como um fator chave para o sucesso a longo prazo dos implantes dentários. A peri-implantite é uma condição patológica que ocorre nos tecidos ao redor dos implantes dentários, caracterizada por inflamação na mucosa peri-implantar e perda progressiva do osso de suporte. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do fenótipo gengival para o desenvolvimento de doenças peri-implantares a partir da avaliação do acúmulo de placa, inflamação da mucosa, sangramento à sondagem, recessão de mucosa, perda óssea alveolar e profundidade de sondagem, para sugerir se a espessura gengival e a presença de uma mucosa queratinizada são determinantes para manutenção da saúde peri-implantar. Metodologia: Busca por artigos nas Bases de Dados: Pubmed, Medline e Scielo. Totalizando 34 artigos, dentro dos critérios de inclusão, em inglês e português, do ano 2015 até o ano 2022 no período de abril a junho de 2022. Foram incluídos artigos originais, casos clínicos e outras revisões integrativas. Conclusão: Pacientes com presença de tecido queratinizado apresentaram: melhor controle de placa dental ao redor dos implantes; menores valores nos índices inflamatórios; fraca associação com perda de inserção óssea e recessão gengival. A espessura gengival espessa é a ideal para a colocação de implantes imediatos, apresentando menor risco de recessão gengival e reabsorção óssea após colocação de implantes imediatos.

Palavras-chave


fenótipo gengival, espessura gengival, tecido queratinizado, doenças peri-implantares

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Referências


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